Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe in the late 18th century and emphasized emotion, individualism, and the glorification of nature. Romantic painters rejected the rationalism of the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism, instead embracing the sublime, the exotic, and the mysterious.

The movement celebrated intense personal experience, the power of imagination, and the beauty of untamed landscapes. Key figures include Caspar David Friedrich, Eugène Delacroix, J.M.W. Turner, and Francisco Goya.