The Peredvizhniki (Wanderers) were a group of Russian realist artists who formed an artists' cooperative in protest against academic restrictions. Founded in 1870, they organized traveling exhibitions to bring art to the people across the vast Russian Empire, believing that art should serve a social purpose and reflect the lives of ordinary people.

Key members include Ivan Kramskoi, Ilya Repin, Vasily Surikov, and Isaac Levitan. Their works depicted Russian landscapes, historical events, and social themes with deep emotional resonance, establishing the foundation of Russian national art.